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This week Major model test (online test) postponed.

This week (18th saturday) Major model test (online test) postponed on 26th (sunday).


This Week Schedule

25-5-2013-

No Model Test

8.30-5.00-Pathology (Gen.Pathology,Immunology,Fgs&Mgs,HPB)– Dr.Rajan

 

26-5-2013         

7.00-9.00- All India Major Model Test (240 qns)

9.00-5.00-Neurology –Dr.Krishnadas


Major Model Test Result-5-5-2013

Name Score                           %
ABDUL MAJEED.P.K. 276 46
ABDUL RAHIM SHAAN 230 38.333
ABDUL RAHIM.A. 89 14.833
ABHIJITH ANTONY  194 32.333
ABHISEK GAUTAM 160 26.667
ABHISHEK.H.N. 52 8.667
ABIN JOSE 132 22
ABITHA ALIYAR 164 27.333
ADARSH.S.B. 129 21.5
ADVAIT.M.K. ® 114 19
AFSHAN.P.T. 206 34.333
AGILA.A. 248 41.333
AISHWARIA SURESH 177 29.5
AISHWARYA.D. 107 17.833
AJAI SASIDHAR 183 30.5
AJAY.P.KURAHATTI 65 10.833
AJITH.V. 70 11.667
AJITHA.V. 109 18.167
AJMAL NAZIR NEELAMBRA 98 16.333
ALLWIN GEORGE 204 34
AMAL MOIDEEN  123 20.5
AMEET.H. 85 14.167
AMERJEETH.J.D. 69 11.5
AMIT KUMAR RAI 159 26.5
AMITHA SUNNY 205 34.167
AMRITESH KUMAR 81 13.5
AMRUT.K.BASAVA 190 31.667
AMRUTHA KUMARAN 109 18.167
AMULYA VISWESWAR 75 12.5
ANAND.S. 189 31.5
ANAND.V. 39 6.5
ANEES.K.N. 206 34.333
ANILKUMAR 186 31
ANILKUMAR 56 9.333
ANISH FATHIMA.B. 44 7.333
ANISH.A.V. ® 203 33.833
ANISHA.R. 183 30.5
ANJANA GOPAL 333 55.5
ANJANA.M.VENUGOPALAN 208 34.667
ANJU SUSAN JACOB 101 16.833
ANKUR GUPTA 193 32.167
ANNA JOSE 86 14.333
ANOOP WILSON 122 20.333
ANSTIN JOSE 71 11.833
ANTONY PETER 89 14.833
ANU CHERIAN 230 38.333
ANUSHA.JETTI 50 8.333
ARATI SUSEELAN 137 22.833
ARAVIND.K.(R)  240 40
ARUN KUMAR.T.M. 117 19.5
ARUN PRASAD 479 79.833
ARUN PRASATH.R. 106 17.667
ARUN PRATHAP 185 30.833
ARUN RAJ.S.T. 178 29.667
ARUN VARGHESE 116 19.333
ARUN.N. 272 45.333
ARUN.P. 77 12.833
ARUNKUMAR.A. 89 14.833
ARUNKUMAR.M. 107 17.833
ARYA PRIYA.S. 226 37.667
ARYA.V.R. 177 29.5
ASHIK SURESH 181 30.167
ASHIS SAMUEL JOHN 125 20.833
ASHISH DWIVEDI 258 43
ASHISH UPADHYAY 213 35.5
ASHWATHI SANKAR 160 26.667
ASHWIN.R. 231 38.5
ASIF IQBAL.I.K.(R) 142 23.667
ASWANTHI 224 37.333
ASWATHY.P.T. 181 30.167
ASWIN THANKACHAN 333 55.5
ATHIRA.V. 150 25
BALA KRISHNAN.N. 194 32.333
BALA MURUGAN.N. 82 13.667
BALAGOVIND.S.RAJA 196 32.667
BALAJI PRASAD.S. 117 19.5
BASEL MOHAMED.T. 120 20
BEJOY ABRAHAM 146 24.333
BHARADWAJ.KATTIMANI 53 8.833
BHARATH KUMAR.P. 124 20.667
BHAVYA.A.B. 178 29.667
BIPENDRA SHARMA 89 14.833
BIPIN.C. 301 50.167
CHANDRASEKARAN.C. 16 2.667
CHETANA.G.M. 154 25.667
CHIDHAMBHARAM.L. 244 40.667
CICY KUNCHERIA 210 35
DAISY DAVIS 68 11.333
DAYANANDA.R. 82 13.667
DEBI PRASAD PRADHAN 114 19
DEEPA.K.P. 209 34.833
DEEPA.K.R. 80 13.333
DEEPAK JAMES 218 36.333
DEEPEKA.T.S. 110 18.333
DENIS WINSTON.J. 138 23
DHANASEKAR.S. 21 3.5
DHAYANITHY.A.G. 77 12.833
DHINAKARAN.R. 211 35.167
DINESH KUMAR.G.V. 131 21.833
DINO.M.JOY 136 22.667
DIPIN MANI 151 25.167
EBY MATHEW ® 291 48.5
ENIYAVEL.R. 222 37
FAHAD BAPU.T.A. ® 170 28.333
FAIAS SIDDIQUE 80 13.333
FASNA PRAVEEN.C.T. 148 24.667
FAYAZ RAHMAN 117 19.5
FEMINA ALI.T.A. 124 20.667
GANDHI.S. 35 5.833
GAUTHAM.K. 58 9.667
GAYATHRI.G.NAIR 54 9
GEORGIE MATHEW 196 32.667
GERARD JOSEPH GONSALVEZ 75 12.5
GHASNI FASIL.R. 245 40.833
GIRIJA.R. 194 32.333
GNANA GURU.D. 105 17.5
GNANA KIREETI GUMMADI 82 13.667
GOGUL.M. 69 11.5
GOKHULA RAJ.B. 143 23.833
GOKUL KANNAN.A. 67 11.167
GOMATHIPONSHANKAR.I. 81 13.5
GOPINATHAN.M. 157 26.167
GOWTHAM KRISHNA.J. 102 17
GOWTHAM.S.V. 46 7.667
GOWTHIN.D. 37 6.167
HANOCK UNNI SAMUEL 275 45.833
HARI BALAN.L. ®  232 38.667
HARIHARAN.M. 240 40
HARINI.B.S. 128 21.333
HARSHA.B. 186 31
HARSHITH.B. 168 28
HIMA NANDAKUMAR 176 29.333
HRIDYA VASUDEVAN 49 8.167
ILAMATHY.M. 102 17
INDU SREEKANTH 117 19.5
IRFAN ZUBAIR.S. 78 13
JAGAN.A.S. 548 91.333
JAGANATHAN.S. 91 15.167
JAIN RAJ.S.R. 89 14.833
JAIN.K.GEORGE 151 25.167
JAYA PRASAD.V. 139 23.167
JERIN JOSEPH 119 19.833
JERIN.C.SEKHAR 232 38.667
JERRY ABRAHAM JOSEPH 184 30.667
JESINTHA DEVI 120 20
JIDHIN RAJ 249 41.5
JINSON PAUL 184 30.667
JOHN VIMAL VINCENT  141 23.5
JOSEF.B.PACHIKARA 224 37.333
JOSHNA.B.M. 83 13.833
JUDSON NESLIN.J. 112 18.667
JUNAID HUSSAIN.A. 141 23.5
KAKOLI GHOSE 148 24.667
KALIRAJ.A.M. 55 9.167
KALYANI RAMESH 204 34
KARTHIKEYAN.M. 280 46.667
KARTHIKEYAN.S. 87 14.5
KARTHIKEYAN.S.J. 39 6.5
KATHIRVEL.J. 109 18.167
KEN PETER 213 35.5
KIRAN BADGER 93 15.5
KIRAN.N.K. 258 43
KISHORE KUMAR.K. 144 24
KONDA SHRAVAN KUMAR 39 6.5
KRISHNA KANTH.M.A. ®  198 33
KRISTIN GEORGE 241 40.167
KRITI SRIVASTAVA 172 28.667
KUMAR.R. 62 10.333
LAVANYA ARUNKUMAR 99 16.5
LIBIN BABU CHERIAN 129 21.5
LOGESH.M.R. 213 35.5
MAJI BULLAH ANSARI 182 30.333
MALAR MADHI.M. 75 12.5
MALINI.T. 126 21
MALINI.V.S. 137 22.833
MANICKA SARAVANAN 206 34.333
MANJU BASHINI.D. 115 19.167
MANJU.M 176 29.333
MANJULA.M. 99 16.5
MANNEM SRINATH REDDY 135 22.5
MANU SHUKLA 224 37.333
MANU.S.BABU 176 29.333
MANUSH.U.G. 139 23.167
MARIYA DAVIS PARACKA ® 154 25.667
MARTIN GEORGE 283 47.167
MEERA.R. 233 38.833
MERLIN ANN GEORGE 142 23.667
MITHIL ROSH.C.K. 63 10.5
MITHUN KUMAR.R. 126 21
MITHUN LEKH.T.N. 106 17.667
MITHUN.J. 210 35
MOHAMED AZARUDEEN.J. 52 8.667
MOHAMED MUZZAMMIL.M.H. 82 13.667
MOHAMED THANZZEL.T.A. 138 23
MOHAMMED IMRAN KHAN.A. 58 9.667
MOHAMMED MUSTAFA.P.P. 258 43
MOHANA KRISHNA.R. 41 6.833
MOHISINA SUBAIR 276 46
MUHAMED ANEES KALADY 175 29.167
MUJEEB RAHMAN.K.K. 205 34.167
MURALI.M. 172 28.667
MURALIDHARAN.R. 150 25
MYAKALA SIDDARTHA 95 15.833
NARAYANAN.S. 97 16.167
NARENDRA KUMAR 174 29
NAVEEN.A. 140 23.333
NAVNEE CHENGAPPA 52 8.667
NAYANA SEBASTIAN 178 29.667
NEETHU TONY MAMPILLY 148 24.667
NEHAL KUNJUMOIDU.P. 226 37.667
NERALLA VAMSHIDHAR GOUD 53 8.833
NIDHIN JOSE 101 16.833
NIDHIN.K.P. 149 24.833
NIKHIL NARAYANAN 80 13.333
NIKHIL.K. 126 21
NIKKU MATHEW GEEVARUGHESE 103 17.167
NIMIN MATHEW 113 18.833
NIRMALKUMAR.T. 49 8.167
NITHIN.N.P. 274 45.667
NITHYA.R. 53 8.833
NITTY MATHEW 154 25.667
NIYAS.K.NASEER 125 20.833
PALLIYIL NIGIL SADANANDAN 332 55.333
PARVATHI RAJENDRAN 183 30.5
PARVATHI.K.M. 95 15.833
PAVITHRA.N.ARALTKATTI 76 12.667
PAWAN CHAWLA 143 23.833
POORNIMA NARAYANAN NAMBIAR 259 43.167
PRABHA RAJ.R.L. 117 19.5
PRABHU.A.S. 156 26
PRADEEP SELLAPPAN 80 13.333
PRAGYA CHATURVEDI 268 44.667
PRAKASH.P. 57 9.5
PRANOY HEGDE 118 19.667
PRASANTH.B. 266 44.333
PRATHAPA 176 29.333
PRAVEEN KUMAR.R.R. 65 10.833
PRAVEEN.M. 117 19.5
PRAVEEN.P.NAIR 140 23.333
PREETHAM PHILIP TAURO 205 34.167
PREETHAM.S.D. 117 19.5
PREETHII.N. 226 37.667
PREMKUMAR.S. 123 20.5
PRIYA RAVINDRA PANICKER 116 19.333
PRIYANKA DEVI.E. 110 18.333
PRIYANKA GEORGE VARGHESE 148 24.667
PRUTHVIDHER.M. 198 33
RAGHU PATHI.A. 116 19.333
RAGHURAM MENON 193 32.167
RAHUL.V. 92 15.333
RAJARAJN.D. 236 39.333
RAJEESH.S.RAVI 167 27.833
RAJEEVAN.S. 226 37.667
RAJESH.R.U. 189 31.5
RAJKUMAR.P. 78 13
RAKESH DURAI.C. 247 41.167
RAKESH MILAN.K.R. 93 15.5
RAMYA.E. 98 16.333
RANITHA RAVINDRANATH 183 30.5
RASHID.M.P. 178 29.667
RAVI SHANKAR.N. 137 22.833
RAVI TEJA.P. 103 17.167
REMYA.K.R. 144 24
RENA.R. ®  218 36.333
RENJITH.K.R. 286 47.667
RESHMA.P.K. 87 14.5
RESHMI RAVEENDRAN 246 41
RINOOP RAMACHANDRAN 168 28
RITA MARY TOMY 149 24.833
RITHURAJ.C. 26 4.333
ROHIT.R. 191 31.833
ROSHJO ROSHAN ATTOKAREN 157 26.167
ROSHNI.K.S. 206 34.333
SABARINATH.S. 185 30.833
SABARISH.M. 85 14.167
SACHIN.E.A. 190 31.667
SAI SHANKAR.P.B. 34 5.667
SAJANA.P.V. 104 17.333
SAJINA SATHYAN 104 17.333
SAJITH BABU.S.M. 113 18.833
SALIN.K.ELIYAS 126 21
SAMITHA ABDU SAMAD 141 23.5
SANAD SAIFU 71 11.833
SANDEEP.K.M. 124 20.667
SANDEEP.S.KAVALIKAI 59 9.833
SANDHYA RAVI 164 27.333
SANDHYA.A. 127 21.167
SANIL.G.KAMAT 212 35.333
SANJU.S.T. ® 182 30.333
SANTHIYA.S. 217 36.167
SANTHOSH BABU.S. 108 18
SANTHOSH KUMAR.V. 258 43
SANTHOSH.L.RATHOD 64 10.667
SARIMOLE.A.S. 160 26.667
SATHISH.A. 119 19.833
SATHIYAMOORTHY.K. 109 18.167
SATHYADITH.N. 116 19.333
SETHU LEKSHMI.S. 135 22.5
SHAFEED.P. 240 40
SHAFEEQUE RAHMAN.K.V. 238 39.667
SHAH ALAM 276 46
SHAIK GOUSE KHAJA ARIF 123 20.5
SHALABH AGARWAL 173 28.833
SHAMSUDHEEN.M.P. 251 41.833
SHANTHA KUMAR.A.M. 59 9.833
SHIJITH.M.R. 160 26.667
SHINE MATHEW 290 48.333
SHMUGA RAVI SANTHOSH.M. 83 13.833
SHOBANA AARTHI.D. 227 37.833
SHRUTHI PATIL.V. 179 29.833
SHRUTI.M.S. 83 13.833
SHYAM SUNDAR.R. 37 6.167
SHYLESH.R. 51 8.5
SIDDHARTH PATANWAR 85 14.167
SIMRAN CHEEMA 247 41.167
SINDHUJA.R. 48 8
SINRASU.P. 164 27.333
SIVA.S. 98 16.333
SIVAPONNI.S. 45 7.5
SIVARAJ.A. 55 9.167
SOBIN.C.B. 191 31.833
SONY.K.P. 237 39.5
SOUMYA SATHYAN 148 24.667
SOUMYA.S.MURALEEDHARAN 166 27.667
SOWMYA.R. 135 22.5
SREELEKSHMI.F. 171 28.5
SREENATH.G.NAIR 158 26.333
SRI KIRAN.T.K. 125 20.833
SRIDHAR GOPAL.R. 268 44.667
SRIDHAR.R. 196 32.667
SRIDHARA SUTHAN.M. 78 13
SRIRAM.S. 99 16.5
SRIVATSAVA SUNKV 165 27.5
SRUTHI 104 17.333
SRYMA.P.B. 326 54.333
STALISH.C. 124 20.667
SUDARSHAN REDDY.K. 108 18
SUDHARSHAN.M.N. 161 26.833
SUDHIR.L. 136 22.667
SUDHIR.N. 132 22
SUDHIR.U. 247 41.167
SUGANYA.U. 127 21.167
SUJAY.J. 142 23.667
SUKITHRA.K. 50 8.333
SUNIL KALMATH 220 36.667
SUNIL KUMAR.A.N. 84 14
SUNIL KUMAR.D. 108 18
SURAJ VARGHESE PAUL 75 12.5
SURAJ.B.R. 71 11.833
SURUTHI.K. 69 11.5
SUSAN JOHN 262 43.667
SWATHIKA.A. 146 24.333
SWATI KUMARI JHA 208 34.667
SWETA.R.SAWANT 258 43
SYED IBRAHIM.I. 46 7.667
SYED RAHAMATH ULLAH.K. 73 12.167
SYED YOUSUF FAISAL 88 14.667
TAMILARASI.S. 17 2.833
THANGADURAI.S. 52 8.667
THARUN LORENZ 133 22.167
THIAGARAJAN.N.R. 63 10.5
TONY PIOUS 118 19.667
VAISAGH REMIN 237 39.5
VAISAKH.K. 303 50.5
VAISHALI MATHUR 88 14.667
VARUN.T. 151 25.167
VARUN.V. 226 37.667
VASIF MAYAN.M.C. 262 43.667
VAZHIPOKKIL ANJU CHANDRAN 107 17.833
VEENA.B.PARAGANNAVAR 86 14.333
VENKATACHALAM ANBALAGAN 35 5.833
VIABHAV PATHAK 248 41.333
VIASHAKH ANAND 323 53.833
VIDHYA.M. 128 21.333
VIGNESH.M. 275 45.833
VIJAYA KANTH.S. 68 11.333
VIJAYA RAGHAVAN.R. 121 20.167
VIJAYLAXMI.B.HASARADDI 109 18.167
VIMALA ANANTHY.A. 206 34.333
VINEETH CHANDRAN.K.P. 141 23.5
VINEETH.K.K. 246 41
VINITHA.L.RASHME 124 20.667
VISWAS.T. 87 14.5
VISWESVARAN.B. 240 40
VIVEK HOSKERI 60 10
VIVEK KUMAR.P. 230 38.333
YASHWANTH RAJ.T. 148 24.667
YOGESH.T.C. 99 16.5
YUVARAJ.V. 148 24.667


Schedule

Next Two weeks no class (11,12,18,19) AIIMS&PGI EXAMS.

Next class 25&26


Model Test Keys-5-5-2013

Model Test Keys-5-5-2013

1.B       2.B       3.C       4.B       5.D      6.D      7.B       8.C       9.A      10.C    11.B    12.A

13.B    14.A    15.B    16.D    17.D    18.C    19.D    20.A    21.A    22.C    23.C    24.D

25.B    26.D    27.D    28.C    29.C    30.A    31.A    32.D    33.A    34.C    35.D    36.B

37.D    38.A    39.A    40.A    41.B    42.D    43.D    44.D    45.A    46.D    47.A    48.A

49.B    50.D    51.B    52.B    53.A    54.A    55.B    56.B    57.A    58.D    59.B    60.A

61.D    62.A    63.D    64.A    65.C    66.B    67.C    68.A    69.B    70.D    71.D    72.B   

73.A    74.A    75.C   

76.Ans: D

Significance of drug resistance by transformation in nature is not known.

Acquisition of resistance by transduction is common in staphylococci.

With lysogenic conversion the bacteria usually produce toxins or express certain antigens. No role in drug resistance.

Transfer of drug resistance by “Resistance transfer factor” - also known as infectious drug resistance which is plasmid mediated. This plasmid has 2 components – RTF (resistance transfer factor) and ‘r’ determinant (which carries the information for drug resistance to as many as 8 drugs).

 

77.Ans: A

Pseudomonas is an obligate aerobe.

Escherichia is a facultative anaerobe.

Bacteroides and clostridium are obligate anaerobes.

 

78.Ans: A

2types of pneumococcal vaccines available.

a.Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine – contains capsular polysaccharide from 23 most prevalent serotypes of S. pneumonia. Recommended for all persons >2 years of age who are at substantially increased risk of developing pneumococcal infection.

 b.Protein-Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine – capsular polysaccharides conjugated to diphtheria   CRM197 protein. This seven valent vaccine is recommended for children below 24 months. Prevents invasive pneumococcal infection. Proved to have “herd effect”.

 

79.Ans: C

Mycoplasmas are resistant to thallium acetate in a concentration of 1:10000, hence it is used as a selective agent along with penicillin for mycoplasma.

 

80.Ans: B

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), such as E. coli O124 and others, cause dysentery that is clinically indistinguishable from Shigella dysentery. Like Shigellae, EIEC invade and destroy colonic mucosa. The invasive property is plasmid-dependent and can be tested in a tissue culture assay on Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) or human epithelial 2 (HEP-2) cell lines. Unlike most E. coli, EIEC do not ferment lactose. (The most common serogroup Among EIEC is O124. 

 

81.Ans: A

The patient’s symptoms and clinical findings indicate a rotavirus infection. Rotaviruses account for approximately 50% of gastroenteritis in children that require hospitalization due primarily to dehydration.

 

Rotaviruses are in the family Reoviridae, which have a double protein capsid and a double-stranded (ds)RNA genome.

 The outer capsid protects the virus as it passes through the stomach. Once in the intestine, proteases cleave the outer capsid, releasing the intermediate/infective subviral particle (ISVP), which attaches and penetrates the host cell.

 

The  dsRNA is very sensitive to degradation if exposed to the environment.

 

The segmented genome allows for genetic reassortment.

 

Rotaviruses do not have a lipid envelope.

 

82.Ans: D

It is the typical description of hook worm infection, which is transmitted by skin penetration by larvae.

Ascaris, pinworm and whipworm infections acquired by ingestion of eggs.

Taenia and Trichinella spread by ingestion of larvae in muscle.

 

83.Ans: A

Cl.perfringens produces a variety of toxins. The 4 “major toxins” are α, β, ε and ɩ toxins. α toxin is a phospholipidase (Lecithinase C). It is the most important toxin biologically and is responsible for the profound toxaemia of gas gangrene. Nagler reaction is used for the rapid detection of Cl.perfringens in clinical specimens.

 

84.Ans: C

CD28/B7 interaction is the second signal for Tcell activation, the first signal being interaction of T cell receptor with antigen presented by the suitable MHC molecule.

 

85.Ans :D

Needle stick injuries and cuts should be washed with soap and water. Do not put pricked finger reflexly into mouth. No scientific evidence shows that the use of antiseptics for wound care or squeezing the wound will reduce the risk of transmission of HIV.

 

86.Ans: B

              In an area with no history of a disease, one case represents an epidemic.

The terms enzootic and epizootic are both used to describe diseases that occur in animals and are present in the animal community at all times. If a disease is enzootic, it occurs in small numbers. If the disease is epizootic, its attack rate is at least one standard deviation above the normal endemic rate of disease occurrence.

             In an area with no history of a disease, there is no herd immunity to the disease. Herd immunity in an animal    community or a human community develops after a large number of community members become infected or vaccinated and then become immune.

 

87.Ans: D

Endotoxin, also called lipopolysaccharide or lipo-oligosaccharide is a component of the outer membrane of GNB and is released from the bacterial surface via outer membrane vesicles following natural lysis of the bacterium or by disintegration of the organism in vitro.

 

88.B    89.B    90.C    91.C    92.C    93.B    94.C    95.C    96.B    97.A    98.D    99.D   

100.C  101.C  102.D  103.C  104.C  105.C  106.D  107.C  108.B  109.C  110.B  111.C 

1112.C   113.A  114.D          115.C  116.C  117.A  118.D  119.A  120.C  121.B  122.A 

123.B  124.C  125.B  126.C  127.C  128.B  129.A  130.C  131.C  132.A  133.C  134.C 

135.C  136.D  137.D  138.A  139.A  140.D  141.A  142.D  143.A  144.A  145.D  146.   

147.B  148.D  149.B  150.A 

151.Answer:B
After the nasal bones, the mandible is the second most commonly fractured facial bone.

152.Answer: D
DISCUSSION: Single-lung transplantation is still offered up to age 65 years. Current low-dose corticosteroid therapy has not been demonstrated to lead to a higher risk of airway complications after lung transplantation. Advancements in operative technique have lessened the risk of surgery, so prior thoracotomy is no longer a contraindication to lung transplantation. However, patients with chronic ventilator-dependent respiratory failure who have no potential for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation currently are not accepted for evaluation for potential lung transplantation.

 

153.Answer: D
DISCUSSION: The greater saphenous vein has proved to be the most satisfactory and most commonly used arterial substitute. The wall is sufficiently strong to withstand arterial pressures without becoming dilated or aneurysmal, yet is flexible and easily sutured. The diameter is sufficiently great to avoid thrombosis and nourishment is provided by the intraluminal blood flow. The smooth, natural endothelial lining is less thrombogenic than any known synthetic surface. The lining surface heals itself and may sequester white cells to fight infection, unlike Dacron grafts, which provide a haven for infecting organisms in the interstices of their synthetic fibers. Saphenous vein autografts heal even when placed into the infected bed of a previous synthetic graft.

154.Ans C Lt atrial myxoma arises from  interatrial septum.  Commonest metastatic      deposit in heart is from bronchogenic Ca. Commonest tumour of heart in children Rhabdomyosarcoma.

 

155.A    156.D   157.B    158.C    159.D  

 

160.Answer: B
DISCUSSION: The right atrial approach is preferred for the repair of most perimembranous VSDs. Prompt intracardiac repair is indicated for infants with large defects, large shunts, and pulmonary hypertension who present with intractable left ventricular failure, recurrent pulmonary infections, severe growth failure, or evidence of increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. In the modern era, complete heart block requiring a permanent pacemaker is a very uncommon complication of surgical closure of a ventricular septal defect. Hospital mortality after closure of a VSD currently approaches zero. While in earlier years younger age was an incremental risk factor for hospital death in some surgical experiences, this risk has been neutralized during the past decade.

 

161.C   

 

162.Answer: D
DISCUSSION: Pituitary prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumor and cause amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or both in women. Men usually have macroprolactinomas and experience symptoms of a space-occupying lesion of the sella (i.e., headache). A minority of men experience impotence and infertility. Asymptomatic prolactinomas remain stable over time and require observation only. Symptomatic prolactinomas require treatment, usually with bromocriptine. Prolactinomas may enlarge during pregnancy and can produce symptoms requiring treatment with either bromocriptine or surgery. Prolactiomas are seen in as many as 40% of patients with MEN 1.
           

163.D   164.B   

 

165.Answer: C Because it could be Pheochromocytoma

 

166.Answer: D
Patients with hypersplenism from portal hypertension usually present with thrombocytopenia as the primary manifestation. The role of splenectomy in such patients is controversial. Although splenectomy may transiently increase the number of platelets in the peripheral circulation, it generally does not improve survival. At the time of surgery, these patients have considerable risk for massive bleeding and subsequent complications related to hepatic dysfunction. These latter complications include ascites, coagulopathy, and wound complications. The severity of the underlying liver disease is the determining factor for these patients. Some believe that splenectomy is contraindicated in patients with portal hypertension. Indeed, the perioperative risks are considerably greater than normal. This should be considered as a last option, and even then with the realization that the operative and preoperative morbidity and mortality are high. In the absence of gastrointestinal bleeding, this particular patient has no indication for either sclerotherapy or portosystemic shunting.

           

167.Answer: B
DISCUSSION: CA 15-3 is a marker for breast cancer. AFP is a marker for hepatocellular and testicular cancer. CEA is a marker for colon cancer. CYFRA 21-1 is a marker for non–small-cell lung cancer. CA 19-9 is a marker for pancreatic cancer.

 

168.Answer: c
patients with immune deficiency or immunosuppressed transplant recipients are at greater risk for neoplastic disease. Frequently these are tumors of the lymphoreticular system, and only selected nonlymphoid tissues exhibit increased incidence of neoplasia. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and some transplant patients are at an increased risk for Kaposi’s sarcoma.

 

169.D   170.B    171.A    172.B    173.C    174.D   175.C    176.A    177.B    178.A    179.B    180.A   

 

181.D   182.A    183.A    184.B    185.D   186.A    187.D   188.B    189.B    190.C    191.B    192.A   

 

193.B    194.A    195.B    196.A    197.C    198.D   199.A    200.C               


 
 
 
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